试析城市民族性突发事件诱因与政府危机管理

随着我国市场经济的快速发展和城市化进程的不断加快,人口流动性越来越大,少数民族冲破传统观念的束缚走出地域,走向城市.城市民族关系呈现出新的特征,民族性突发事件给政府管理带来了新的挑战.探讨城市民族性突发事件诱因和对策,对提高政府危机管理能力,有效防范和处置民族性突发事件具有重要的现实意义.     

应急管理地理信息系统设计及实现

介绍了面向石油化工企业的应急管理地理信息系统的功能设计及实现,利用遥感影像配合矢量图实现地理信息支撑平台,满足企业日常安全管理和应急响应过程中地图浏览、查询定位、空间分析、事故影响范围模拟计算及可视化展示、专题图及属性浏览、动态信息集成等功能需要。     

Source attributions of heavy metals in rice plant along highway in Eastern China

Air and soil pollution from traffic has been considered as a critical issue to crop production and food safety, however, few efforts have been paid on distinguish the source origin of traffic-related contaminants in rice plant along highway. Therefore, we investigated metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu) concentrations and stable Pb isotope ratios in rice plants exposed and unexposed to highway traffic pollution in Eastern China in 2008. Significant differences in metals concentrations between the exposed and unexposed plants existed in leaf for Pb, Cd and Zn, in stem only for Zn, and in grain for Pb and Cd. About 46% of Pb and 41% of Cd in the grain were attributed to the foliar uptake from atmosphere, and there were no obvious contribution of atmosphere to the accumulations of Cr, Zn and Cu in grain. Except for Zn, all of the heavy metals in stem were attributed to the root uptake from soil, although significant accumulations of Pb and Cd from atmosphere existed in leaf. This indicated that different processes existed in the subsequent translocation of foliar-absorbed heavy metals between rice organs. The distinct separation of stable Pb isotope ratios among rice grain, leaf, stem, soil and vehicle exhaust further provided evidences on the different pathways of heavy metal accumulation in rice plant. These results suggested that further more attentions should be paid to the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from traffic emission when plan crop layout for food safety along highway.     

中国石化安全信息管理平台的设计与开发

阐述了中国石化安全信息管理平台的设计思想和主要功能,通过实施中国石化内部网运行的安全信息管理系统,为中国石化安全管理信息化提供了应用平台.     

活性污泥中细菌的分离及其生理生化特性研究

从乳品废水活性污泥中分离纯化细菌,并进行生理生化特性、药敏试验研究。结果表明,H-1菌株分解葡萄糖产酸,利用乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇等碳源;H-1菌株对头孢菌素类、氨基苷类、大环内酯类药物敏感;而对青霉素类、磺胺类等具有不同程度的耐药性。该研究对改善乳品废水活性污泥微生态、环境污染治理等具有科学指导意义。     

活性炭纤维负载TiO2催化剂的制备及其电催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭纤维负载TiO₂催化剂（TiO₂/ACF），并通过SEM和XRD等手段对TiO₂/ACF进行了表征。以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）为目标降解物，考察了催化材料的电催化活性。实验结果表明：在反应温度为25 ℃、初始DMP质量浓度为100.0 mg/L、电解质Na₂SO₄质量浓度为100 mg/L、电流密度为62.5 mA/cm²、电极板间距为4 cm的条件下，经过40 min的降解，DMP质量浓度为1.8 mg/L，DMP去除率为98.2%;TiO₂/ACF在反应过程中可以原位再生，经6次重复使用后仍保持很高的催化活性，对DMP的去除率仍达90%以上。     

Role of cosubstrate and bioaccessibility played in the enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a paddy soil by nitrate and methyl-β-cyclodextrin amendments

The present study was conducted to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation potential of biostimulation by nitrate (KNO₃) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) addition on an aged organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated paddy soil. After 180 days of incubation, total OCP biodegradation was highest in soil receiving the addition of nitrate and MCD simultaneously and then followed by nitrate addition, MCD addition, and control. The highest biodegradation of chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and total OCPs was 74.3, 63.5, 51.2, and 65.1 %, respectively. Meanwhile, MCD addition significantly increased OCP bioaccessibility (p?<?0.05) evaluated by Tenax TA extraction and a three-compartment model method. Moreover, the addition of nitrate and MCD also obtained the highest values of soil microbial activities, including soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, ATP production, denitrifying bacteria count, and nitrate reductase activity. Such similar trend between OCP biodegradation and soil-denitrifying activities suggests a close relationship between OCP biodegradation and N cycling and the indirect/direct involvement of soil microorganisms, especially denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic biodegradation of OCPs.     

Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, phosphorus was often poorly available in soil. While biochar addition induced improvement of...     

江汉平原土地利用对钉螺分布的影响研究

分析了江汉平原2009年易于钉螺孳生的3种土地利用类型（滩地、河渠和水田）比例与钉螺密度的关系。首先，在ERDAS9.2和ENVI4.7软件中对江汉平原2009年的Landsat5TM遥感影像进行了预处理。在已有的多期土地利用数据的基础上，借助eCognition软件利用向量相似度指标来提取土地利用变化区域，结合目视解译经验并运用遥感指标通过建立规则集对变化区域进行分类，将变化区域的分类结果更新2000年数据，得到了该区域2009年的土地利用数据。接下来，整理了江汉平原2009年螺情资料并计算出村级钉螺平均密度，绘制了2009年钉螺分布图。将绘制的钉螺分布图与土地利用分类图叠置分析，并结合收集的螺情数据确定了钉螺易于孳生的3种土地利用类型，分别为滩地、河渠和水田。最后，将钉螺密度与这3种土地利用比例进行线性回归分析。研究结果表明，钉螺密度与这三种土地利用类型比例存在线性回归关系，模型精度为R2=0857。该结论对通过遥感影像来估算钉螺密度具有指导意义，另外也可以为湖北省提出合理用地和灭螺并重的土地利用模式提供一定的科学参考     

化工园区突发环境事件应急预案编制的研究

我国的化工园区为促进经济和社会发展做出了重要贡献。由于化工园区内危险化学品种类多、有毒有害物质数量大、环境风险等级高,存在着发生重特大事故的现实性和可能性。但是,我国至今尚未制定化工园区突发环境事件应急预案编制技术规范,相关研究也未见报道。在当前化工园区安全生产事件高发并严重影响周边环境的情况下,研究化工园区突发环境事件应急预案编制方法,提高应对安全生产事故以及次生突发环境事件的能力尤为重要。通过分析化工园区环境风险物质、环境风险工艺和环境风险受体三个方面的环境风险的特性,初步拟定了化工园区突发环境事件应急预案编制调查评估、建章立制、预案编写三个阶段的技术路线,明确了开展环境风险评估、加强应急能力建设、完善环境风险防范措施和环境应急处置措施的四项编制要点,在此基础上提出了化工园区突发环境事件应急预案由综合预案、现场处置预案、专项预案、环境风险评估报告、环境应急资源调查报告六部分组成的结构框架。